КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА N 6

1. Неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.

2. Местоимения all, every, each, everybody, everyone, everything.

3. Местоимения other, another, each other, one another, such, same.

4. Местоимения much, many, little, few, a little, a few, a lot of, lots of, a great deal, a great many, plenty of.

5. Согласование времен.

6. Сослагательное наклонение.

7. Многозначность either, neither.

ВАРИАНТ 1

1. Перепишите предложения, вставив подходящие по смыслу местоимения (some, any, no, somebody, anybody, someone, anyone, no one, none, something, anything, nothing). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. When I needed help, he didn't ask ... questions.

2. I know ... about them.

3. ... tells me anything.

4. "Have you ... money?" - "Yes." - "Loan me ... ."

2. Перепишите предложения, вставив подходящие по смыслу местоимения (all, every, each, everybody, everyone, everything). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I want to hear ... they say.

2. I have ... he has ever written.

3. He shouted her name twice, ... time banging his fist on the table.

4. ... trunks must be labelled before being deposited in the left-luggage office.

3. Перепишите предложения, вставив подходящие по смыслу местоимения (other, another, each other, one another, such, same). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The bar was kept by two very nice girls, one was American and the ... English.

2. The rest of us looked at ... in amazement.

3. I had ... a busy morning that I had notime to call you up.

4. Перепишите предложения, правильно выбрав одно из местоимений, данных в скобках. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Philip had (few, little) friends.

2. Aunt Florrie had (a little, a few) money while none of the other family had inherited as (much, many) as a pound.

3. In the last twenty-four hours too (little, many) things had happened.

4. There is (a lot of, many) work to do.

5. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на правило согласования Времен.

1. Не asked me what work I was doing and whether I intended to go to a University.

2. It was also rumoured that Dan had got married.

3. She claimed that she had met Monty on her way home. Monty had told her that I would probably come to his place later.

6.Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая
внимание на перевод сослагательного наклонения.

1. I wish I knew how you reach your results.

2. I wished I hadn't wasted so much money when I got there.

3. She suggested that this date be a day of international solidarity.

4. They proposed that the issue should be discussed in a week.

7. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод either, either ... or, neither, neither ... nor.

1. "She is either very ill or has gone away." "What can one do about it in either case?"

2. "Which job are you going to take?" "I'm afraid, neither."

3. You can borrow either of my two cameras.

4. They are neither for nor against our plan of action.

8. Прочтите тексты. Найдите в правой колонке значения выделенных в текстах слов. Изложите содержание текстов на русском языке своими словами.

The Explosion of Krakatoa

There are few sights that are more impressive and AWESOME than the ERUPTION of an active volcano. There are few natural events that tо singularly dwarf man's PUNY attempts to control his environment. Perhaps the greatest volcanic ERUPTION of modern times took place in 1883 when the island of Krakatoa in Indonesia blew up as the result of a volcanic explosion. An enormous tidal wave resulted that proved catastrophic to the nearby coasts of Java and Sumatra. New islands were formed by the lava that poured out, and DEBRIS was scattered across the Indian Ocean for hundreds of miles. Volcanic material, DISPERSED seventeen miles into the atmosphere, created startingly beautiful sunsets for years afterwards.

1) awesome a) scattered, spread, broken up

2) debris b) weak, unimportant

3) dispersed c) inspiring terror, weird

4) eruption d) ruins, fragments

5) puny e) bursting out

A Universal Danger

Man's ability to OBLITERATE life on this planet has increased at a rapid rate. We are now faced with the DEPLORABLE prospect of new weapons that can cause destruction of life and property on a scale far beyond our imagination. No matter who takes the first step to INITIATE a conflict, the possibility exists that the CONFLAGRATION will spread and envelop the world. Much thought has been given to ways and means of preventing this catastrophe. Some consider it mandatory that the nuclear powers seek agreement on methods of limiting and controlling these weapons, for in the absence of such an agreement, we may -RUE the day atomic energy was made practical.

1) obliterate a) regret

2) deplorable b) sad, pitiable

3) initiate c) erase, wipe out

4) conflagration d) start, set going

5) rue e) great fire

Taken for Granted

The presence of an ever-flowing supply of fresh, clean water is taken for granted. Unfortunately, this CONGENIAL condition is fast disappearing. As our population increases, as industry consumes more water each year, the level of our underground water supply sinks measurably. There is no way to HOARD water; there are many ways to conserve it. During a particularly dry spell, New York City found its reservoirs going dry. Only then did the residents begin to heed the SAGE advice to limit the wasteful uses of water. Under the AEGIS of the Water Commissioner, citizens were encouraged to develop habits that would save water. The continued imprudent waste by each of us of this most basic resource will work to the DETRIMENT of all.

1) congenial a) injury, damage, hurt

2) hoard (v) b) sympathetic, agreeable

3) sage c) shield, protection, sponsorship

4) aegis d) hide, store, accumulate

5) detriment e) wise man, philosopher

An Ageless Society

Ever so often we can read about a man or woman who has reached an age far beyond the limits we ordinarily expect. Reports of a man in Chile or a woman in Turkey who has celebrated the 105th or 110th birthday occur regularly. The natural question is, to what do these people owe their LONGEVITY? Frequently, the
answer concerns the fact that the ancient one liked to IMBIBE regularly of some hard liquor. The photograph will show an apparently VIRILE man or robust woman. Somehow, people who reach this advanced age seem to remain eternally sturdy. There are no signs that they have become SENILE. Smoking a pipe, or sewing or.
some garment, these rare specimens of hardy humanity are far from DODDERING folk we expect to see.

1) longevity a) long duration of life

2) imbibe b) masterful, manly

3) virile c) drink

4) senile d) infirm, weak from old age

5) doddering e) trembling, shaking

ВАРИАНТ 2

1. Перепишите предложения, вставив подходящие по смыслу местоимения (some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, somebody, anyone, no one, none, something, anything, nothing). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Have you . . . cheese?

2. If there's ... you want, let me know.

3. ... answered her, as she addressed ... in particular.

5. There are ... pears on the tree.

2. Перепишите предложения, вставив подходящие по смыслу местоимения (all, every, each, everybody, everyone, everything). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Soon ... were asleep.

2. She took the initiative and herself spoke to ... she knew.

3. She had something to say on ... subject.

4. They broke into little groups; ... had his own wonderful story to tell.

3. Перепишите предложения, вставив подходящие по смыслу местоимения (other, another, each other, one another, such, same). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. ... people have told me the same thing.

2. These three ladies disliked and distrusted ....

3. I was astonished and at the ... time very much excited.

4.Перепишите предложения, правильно выбрав одно из местоимений, данных в скобках. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Martin spent so (much, many) time in the hospital.

2. At the bar {a few, a little) men were discussing the coming elections in loud tones.

3. There were (few, little) people in the square, and I did not notice the faces as I hurried past.

4. She knows (lots of, much) girls who go out dancing every Saturday.

5. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на правило согласования времен.

1. In the hotel the waiter told me that an American had been staying there for three months.

2. It was understood that he would invite us to lunch on Saturday.

3. The last two weeks she had been saying to everyone who phoned her that she was unwell and did not leave home.

6.Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая
внимание на перевод сослагательного наклонения.

1. I wish you didn't have to go. Why must you?

2. Oh, I wish I hadn't sent him that letter telling him to take care of himself.

3. It is important, however, that no hasty actions be taken which could complicate the situation.

4. He then suggested that we should drop the discussion and talk about something else.

7. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод either, either ... or, neither … nor.

1. I can speak neither Chinese nor Japanese.

2. I could hear them both, but saw neither.

3. She can play with the tennis racket in either hand.

4. I don't want either to be sympathized with or to be encouraged.

8. Прочтите тексты. Найдите в правой колонке значения выделенных в текстах слов. Изложите содержание текстов на русском языке своими словами.

A Visit to the President

In the winter of 1941, Enrico Fermi and a number of other distinguished scientists IMPORTUNED President Franklin Franklin Roosevelt for authorization to begin an all-out effort in atomic energy research. The scientists were alarmed by INCONTROVERTIBLE evidence of SURREPTITIOUS German experiments, and they asked for speedy approval. Italian-born Enrico Fermi was the ideal man to lead the atomic research. Already in 1938 he had won the Nobel Prize for work with radioactive elements and neutron bombardment. Fermi had found a HAVEN from the fascists (his wife was Jewish) and he knew that if the Germans were the first to develop an atomic bomb it would mean that Hitler could SUBJUGATE the entire world. The international race for atomic supremacy was on.

1) importune a) undeniable

2) incontrovertible б) ask urgently

3) surreptitious c) conquer

4) haven d) place of safety

5) subjugate e) stealthy, accomplish

The ULTIMATE Weapon Takes Shape

Enrico Fermi designed a device which could EVENTUATE in a chain reaction. It consisted of layers of graphite, alternated with chunks of uranium. The uranium EMITTED neutrons and the graphite slowed them down. Holes were left for long cadmium safety rods. By withdrawing those control rods Fermi could speed up the production of neutrons, thus increasing the number of uranium atoms which would be split (fission). When the rods were withdrawn to a critical point, then the neutrons would be produced so fast that the graphite and cadmium could not absorb them. In that manner a chain reaction would result. Slowly, Fermi's first atomic pile began to grow in a SUBTERRANEAN room at Columbia University. The big question remained - was it VIABLE?

1) ultimate a) underground

2) eventuate b) final

3) emit c) practicable, workable

4) subterranean d) to give off

5) viable e) to result finally

The Squash Court Experiment

As the pile grew, so did the entire project. Fermi moved his materials to an abandoned squash court under a football stadium at the University of Chicago. His pace accelerated because they were proceeding on the PREMISE that the Germans were close to atomic success. Six weeks after the pile had been started, its critical size was reached. Three brave young men JEOPARDIZED their lives by ascending the pile, ready to cover it with liquid cadmium if anything went wrong. Almost fifty scientists and several INCREDULOUS observers mounted a balcony to watch. One physicist remained on the floor; it was his job to extract the final cadmium control rod. Unbearable tension PERMEATED the atmosphere. Fermi completed his calculations, waited for a PROPITIOUS moment, and then gave the signal.

1) premise a) favorable

2) jeopardize b) endanger

3) incredulous c) to spread through

4) permeate d) skeptical

5) propitious e) grounds for a conclusion

The Italian Navigator Lands

The chain reaction took place precisely as Enrico Fermi had SURMISED. After twenty-eight minutes he CURTAILED the experiment, giving the signal to replace the control rod. The normally reserved scientists, unable to REPRESS their excitement, let out a tremendous cheer and gathered around Fermi to shake his hand. Although it was time to celebrate, some of the men remarked soberly that "the world would never be the same again." On December 2, 1942, the news of Fermi's achievement was relayed in a CRYPTIC telephone message:

"The Italian Navigator has reached the New World."

"And how did he find the natives?"

"Very friendly."

The Atomic Age was INCHOATE - but truly here!

1) surmise a) puzzling

2) curtail b) guess

3) repress с) to put down

4) cryptic d) to cut short

5) inchoate e) in an early stage

ВАРИАНТ 3

1. Перепишите предложения, вставив походящие по смыслу местоимения (some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, someone, anyone, no one, none, something, anything, nothing). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. There is ... bread and ... forks on the table.

2. Is there ... you want there, Robin?

3. I mu3t get ... clothes, ... really nice ones.

4. Everybody liked him. ... was afraid of him.

2. Перепишите предложения, вставив подходящие по смыслу местоимения (all, every, each, everybody, everyone, everything). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. She believed that ... was watching her.

2. That's the sort of job ... boys like doing.

3. He has ... chance to win.

4. Before he left the classroom he gave ... boy a task.

3. Перепишите предложения, вставив подходящие по смыслу местоимения (other, another, each other, one another, such, same). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Would you like ... cup of tea?

2. Joan and Roy spoke to ... only about the game.

3. I never saw ... a handsome man as Jim's father.

4. Перепишите предложения, правильно выбрав одно из местоимений, данных в скобках. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. There were (much, many) big hotels that were closed but most of the shops were open.

2. I suggested that he should get (a few, a little) grapes and some bread.

3. There was (little, many) time to think.

4. He has done (a great deal of, many) research on the subject.

5. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на правило согласования времен.

1. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw the youths had stopped talking and were watching us.

2. She said she would be staying in town next day to do some shopping.

3. He told his father that now he made ten dollars a week less.

6.Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод сослагательного наклонения.

1. I wish I deserved your compliments.

2. He had nothing against skiing - he wished he had had the time to take it up when he was a young man.

3. Arrange the telephone calls so that every month I get a list of all the calls.

4. He insisted that I should take a holiday.

7. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод either, either ... or, neither, neither ... nor.

1. Their room was either on the second floor facing the sea or on the third floor looking into the yard.

2. There were trees on either bank.

3. These are both very gloomy rooms. I'm afraid neither will suit me.

4. The road was neither broad nor well looked after.

8. Прочтите тексты. Найдите в правой колонке значения выделенных в текстах слов. Изложите содержание текстов на русском языке своими словами.

The Library Machine

Аs automation permeates many new ideas of life, its effect upon us becomes concomitantly more PROFOUND. Information processing and communications machines are finding their way into libraries. Here they ALLEVIATE the burden of storing and bringing out to the reader the accumulation of information that is becoming more PRODIGIOUS in this era of specialization and threatening to inundate our already encumbered library system. As a way to EXPEDITE the selection of pertinent information for the reader, the machine scans 5,000 words per minute. It is the CELERITY of machine reading that makes automation in the library so valuable.

1) profound a) carry out promptly

2) alleviate b) speed, rapidity

3) prodigious с) make easier, lighten

4) expedite d) deep, intense

5) celerity e) extraordinary, enormous

The Language Machine

Those who see the spread of automated machines as a nefarious force out to USURP the proper functions of mankind have corroboration for their belief in the language machine. The PALTRY handful of expert translators with a profound knowledge of many foreign languages leaves a wide gap in our sources of vital information. With important technological and scientific work being done abroad, it is difficult to CONDONE the situation. A machine may be set to treat a foreign language as a coded message that it can analyze and put into English. Perhaps it will not do an impeccable job, but it will permit the translation of even the most TRIVIAL foreign reports and writings. As BIZARRE as it might seem, machines are taking over as translators in ever increasing numbers.

1) usurp a) petty, worthless

2) paltry b) excuse, pardon

3) condone c) seize, annex, grab

4) trivial d) of little importance,

insignificant

5) bizarre e) fantastic, odd

A Predicting Machine

While a machine may usurp many MENIAL tasks - typing of letters, making out paychecks - it can also work in less mundane ways. One such example was the use of a computer to predict results of a football game. All the information about the two teams: speed of the backs, weight of the linemen, past performances of the teams, even the years served by the VENERABLE coaches was fed into the machine. EXTRANEOUS material was avoided. The astute computer printed the figure "one" for each team. While this may seem AMBIGUOUS to the average person, it represented in the SUCCINCT language of the computer the actual score of one touchdown for each side: 7-7.

1) menial a) vague, undefined, not specific

2) venerable b) humble, degrading

3) extraneous c) respected, worshipped

4) ambiguous d) foreign, not belonging

5) succinct e) brief, concise

A Painting Machine There is even now a computer machine that may make other art forms ARCHAIC. Using computer methods, this machine can originate paintings and photographs. A machine that can EMULATE an artist is not is FACETIOUS as it may appear. Automation is inundating, some say with deleterious effects, all areas of self-expression - from music to literature. The most RABID adherents of our technological progress look upon these events as singularly favorable. They see these as harbingers of a time when machines will do all of the labor, and man will reap the SALUBRIOUS benefits.

1) archaic a) healthful, wholesome

2) emulate b) out of date

3) facetious c) rival, strive to equal

4) rabid d) comical, humorous, witty

5) salubrious e) fanatical, furious, mad

ВАРИАНТ 4

1. Перепишите предложения, вставив подходящие по смыслу местоимения (some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, someone, anyone, no one, none, something, anything, nothing). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I have ... time to go to the cinema with you.

2. She looked everywhere for matches but could not find ... .

3. Do you want to eat ... ?

4. ... believed him.

2. Перепишите предложения, вставив подходящие по смыслу местоимения (all, every, each, everybody, everyone, everything). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I want ... to be happy.

2. ... the money was spent.

3. Then, to ... s surprise, she married someone quite undis­tinguished.

4. Frank's wasn't a bad place. The tables had yellow tops which Frank wiped after ... customer.

3. Перепишите предложения, вставив подходящие по смыслу местоимения (other, another, each other, one another, such, same). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I think the first thing to do is to have ... talk with your sister.

2. For a moment nothing more was said. And then Simon and Ralph suddenly smiled at ... .

3. He wore the ... suit that I had seen him in five years before.

4. Перепишите предложения, правильно выбрав одно из местоимений, данных в скобках. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Не had very (little, many) money, and it would be necessary for him to practice the severest economy.

2. I'm afraid I have not (much, many) news to convey but still there are (a few, a little) things I should like to add.

3. It was a hot day and there were (many, much) flies in the room.

4. (A great many, little) mistakes have been made by nearly everybody.

5. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на правило согласования времен.

1. Не had told me he had been on the island for fifteen уеагs.

2. I was surprised you knew my name.

3. He decided that he would go to Berlin as soon as possible.

6. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод сослагательного наклонения.

1. I wish you could stay and then we could talk over my picture.

2. He wished now that when the director of his firm spoke to him he had answereds differently.

3. It is proposed that these measures be discussed at a conference on military detente and disarmament in Europe.

4. It's been suggested that I should join one of the public services.

7. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая вникание на перевод either, either ... or, neither, neither ... nor.

1. This hat neither fits nor becomes you.

2. She had brown shining hair which hung down on either side of her face.

3. "What are you going to have, orange juice or Coke?" "Neither. I'm not thirsty."

4. The spectators were enraptured either with the plot or with the performance.

8. Прочтите тексты. Найдите в правой колонке значения выделенных в текстах слов. Изложите содержание текстов на русской языке своими словами.

You Can't Help But Watch

The consumer is in a QUANDARY about making a felicitous selection among the array of products. The advertisers must influense the malleable consumer, and often they do it in the most CALLOUS ways. Television offers many tangible advantages for reaching the consumer. As a result, the consumer is inundated by commercials. The advertiser knows that a television commercial is the most EXPEDIENT way to reach large numbers of people. The cost for each commercial film is prodigious, but because the audience is so large, the cost per viewer is NEGLIGIBLE. Each commercial is prepared in the most meticulous way in order to catch the attention of even the most BLASE viewer and hold it until the message is through.

1) quandary a) indifferent, not responsive to

excitement

2) callous b) hardened, unfeeling

3) expedient c) doubt, dilemma

4) negligible d) advisable, fit

5) blasé e) trifling, inconsiderable

Tricks of the Trade

Some television commercials, trying to break through the ENNUI built up in the viewer by the plethora of competition, employ humor. Others feature a COMELY girl as a pretext for getting the viewer to stay tuned in. At times raucous music, accompanied by some frenetic activities, is designed to preclude the viewer's loss of attention. The advertiser will employ every bit of ARTIFICE at the film maker's command to make a trenchant commercial. The DIVERSITY of appeals made to the viewer is a concomitant of the many ways people react to commercials. A great deal of time and money has gone into placing the consumer's psychological make-up under scrutiny.

1) ennui a) frantic, frenzied

2) comely b) boredom

3) frenetic c) beautiful, handsome

4) artifice d) strategy, trickery

5) diversity e) variety, change

Going to the Source

The wide diversity of reasons people have for buying one product rather than another are investigated by the advertising people in order to prepare efficacious commercials. They do not have the slightest QUALM about questioning the consumer about personal things in her own domicile. The consumer is requested not to EXPURGATE her answers. Generally, people are not reticent and do not BEGRUDGE giving the time and effort. The questions delve rather deeply, and what the ARTLESS responses divulge will help the advertiser decide what to put into his next commercial. After a large number of interviews, the copious results make it feasible to prognosticate how well the commercial will do. The interviewer usually offers no GRATUITY to the person who has helped, but often a sample of the product is proffered as thanks.

1) qualm a) remove objectionable parts or

passages

2) expurgate b) to be resentful or reluctant

3) begrudge c) innocent, naive

4) artless d) tip

5) gratuity e) twinge of conscience

It Seems to Work

Despite the antipathy towards commercials expressed by the viewers, the remarkable success of television commercials in selling products makes it MANIFEST that the advertiser has gleaned what the viewer wants to see and hear from his research interview. This has helped the advertiser DELVE deeply into what motivates people when they go into the supermarket to purchase products. The advertising agency is never CAPRICIOUS and can vindicate spending large sums of money on research. Having uncovered what the public wants, the advertiser expedites putting the REQUISITE words, music, and photographs of the product on film. He will thus REPLENISH the never-ending, ubiquitous television commercial
supply in the hope that the consumer will remember some facet of the film and buy the product.

1) manifest a) requirement

2) delve b) evident, obvious

3) capricious c) fanciful, whimsical

4) requisite d) to fill again, to restock

5) replenish e) dig, do research

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ. ПРОГРАММА. СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ПРОГРАММЫ. СТРУКТУРА КУРСА………………………………………………………………..3

ТРЕБОВАНИЯ НА ЗАЧЕТАХ И ЭКЗАМЕНАХ. ЛИТЕРАТУРА……………….3

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ……………………………………………………5

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №1…………………………………………………....10

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №2……………………………………………………19

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3……………………………………………………29

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №4……………………………………………………38

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №5……………………………………………………49

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №6……………………………………………………60