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TANNEL ENGINEER
Helen is a Tunnel Engineer at the Channel Tunnel Rail Link. She believes tunnel construction is fantastic.
I'm a Tunnel Engineer. I'm 31. I've got a degree in Engineering from Manchester University. I've been working on the Channel Tunnel Rail Link for the last three years. It's a high-speed rail route linking the centre of London to the Channel Tunnel.
There aren't many women in my position, in charge of large gangs of men, but I don't have any problems. I'd like to see more women Engineers.
Two long sections of the line through London are in tunnels - a total of 17.4 kilometres.
We used six huge laser-guided tunnel-boring machines. They cut 100 metres a day with astonishing accuracy - a tolerance of just 25 millimetres. They had names, like ships - Annie, Bertha, Judy, and so on.
It was a real engineering challenge. In some areas near the Thames the ground is so wet that the tunnel is almost floating. There were pumps running 24 hours a day to drainthe water away. Nearer the centre we had to avoid tube tunnels and sewers, and digunder buildings without weakening their foundations.
There are always dangers in tunnel construction, but we had only two serious incidents - a truck fire that destroyed much of the concrete lining in one area and a collapse where several gardens in east London disappeared into the tunnel.
It's been a fantastic project. It makes it possible to reach Paris in two and a quarter hours. It will be here for at least 100 years, probably much longer. This is the reason I became an Engineer.
Notes:
Manchester [ˈmænˌtʃestə] – Манчестер
Channel Tunnel [ˈtʃæn(ə)l, ˈtʌn(ə)l] – a train tunnel under the English Channel between England and France – тоннель под Ла-Маншем
II. VOCABULARY
| 1. to link[lɪŋk] Several new roads will link the southern and northern regions of the country. | соединять, связывать Несколько новых дорог свяжут южные и северные регионы страны. |
| 2. position [pəˈzɪʃn] There are 12 women in management positions within the company. | положение, должность В компании 12 женщин занимают руководящие должности. |
| 3. gang [ɡæŋ] You look like you could boss a gang. | бригада, группа (рабочих) У вас такой вид, словно вы умеете командовать бригадой. |
| 4. to guide [ɡaɪd] We had only the stars to guide us. | руководить, управлять Мы могли ориентироваться только по звездам. |
| 5. laser[ˈleɪzə] Computer technology and laser beams can be used to control the weather. | лазер Компьютерные технологии и лазерные лучи могут использоваться для управления погодой. |
| 6. machine[məˈʃiːn] John showed him how to operate the machine. | машина, механизм, станок Джон показал ему, как управлять машиной. |
| 7. astonishing [əˈstɒnɪʃɪŋ] He was eating his food with astonishing speed. It's astonishing how much the place has changed. | поразительный, удивительный Он ел с поразительный скоростью. Поразительно, как изменилось место. |
| 8. accuracy [ ˈækjʊrəsɪ] The accuracy of the report cannot be checked. | точность Точность отчёта не может быть проверена. |
| 9. tolerance [ˈtɒlərəns] Thetoleranceis just 25 millimetres. | допустимое отклонение Допустимое отклонение – 25 миллиметров. |
| 10. challenge [ˈtʃælɪndʒ] The new government faces the challenge of completing the building on time. | сложная задача Новое правительство столкнулось с задачей завершить строительство здания вовремя. |
| 11. wet [wet] In some areas near the Thames the ground is so wet that the tunnel is almost floating. | влажный, жидкий В некоторых местах возле Темзы грунт настолько насыщен водой, что тоннель почти плавает. |
| 12. to float [fləʊt] Leaves and twigs floatedon the water. | плавать Листья и ветки плавали в воде. |
| 13. pump [pʌmp] The pumpswere running 24 hours a day to drain the water away. | насос, помпа Насосы работали 42 часа в сутки, чтобы откачать воду. |
| 14. to drain [dreɪn] All water tanks and pipes should be drained. | осушать, отводить воду, осуществлять дренаж Все емкости с водой и трубы должны быть осушены. |
| 15. to avoid a sewer [əˈvɔɪd ˈsuːə] Nearer the centre we had to avoid sewers. | избегать, обходить коллектор (канализационную трубу) Ближе к центру города нам пришлось обходить канализационные коллекторы. |
| 16. to dig [dɪɡ] (dug, dug) We dug a hole and planted a tree. | копать, рыть Мы выкопали яму и посадили дерево. |
| 17. to weaken [ˈwiːkən] Stress can weaken the immune [ɪˈmjuːn] system. | ослаблять Стресс может ослабить иммунную систему. |
| 18. lining [ˈlaɪnɪŋ] The fire destroyed much of the concrete lining in the tunnel. | облицовка Пожар разрушил большую часть бетонной облицовки тоннеля. |
III. READING COMPREHENSION
1. Answer the questions
1. What company does Helen work in?
2. How old is she?
3. What is Helen’s position in the company?
4. How many women in the position of a Tunnel Engineer are there in the company?
5. How long are the two sections of the line through London?
6. How many tunnel-boring machines did the company use?
7. How many metres did the machines cut a day?
8. What were the names of the machines?
9. Why did the company use pumps?
10. What was the ground like in some areas near the Thames?
11. What engineering challenge did the company have?
12. What two serious incidents did the company have while constructing tunnels in London?
13. How long does it take to get from London to Paris using the Channel Tunnel?
2. Read the statements and say whether they are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones
1. Helen has got a degree in engineering.
2. Helen has been working as a civil engineer for three years.
3. She always has problems being in the position of a Tunnel Engineer.
4. Helen wants to see men Engineers.
5. The company used huge tunnel-boring machines.
6. The laser-guided tunnel-boring machines ran 24 hours a day to drain the water away.
7. The machines had nicknames.
8. The company never faced any engineering challenge.
9. The company never had serious incidents while constructing tunnels in London.
10. It is not possible to get from London to Paris in two and quarter hours.
3. Choose the correct word or word combination
1. Helen …. a Tunnel Engineer.
a. works b. is c. becomes
2. She has got a ... in Engineering from Manchester University.
b. degree b. position c. job
3. Helen ... on the Channel Tunnel Rail Link for the last three years.
a. has got b. has been working c. has been
4. She’d like to see more ... Engineers.
a. woman b. tunnel c. women
5. We used six ... laser-guided tunnel-boring machines.
a. astonishing b. weakening c. huge
6. It was a real engineering ... .
a. danger b. challenge c. problem
7. There were pumps running 24 hours a day ... the water away.
a. to avoid b. to disappear c. to drain
8. It’s been a ... project.
a. serious b. possible c. fantastic
9. We had only two serious ... .
a. reasons b. incidents c. hours
10. It makes possible ... Paris in two and a quarter hours.
a. to link b. to dig c. to reach
11. There are always dangers in ... construction.
a. concrete b. tunnel c. foundation
12. This is the reason I ... an Engineer.
a. disappeared b. became c. was
4. Complete the sentences
1. I’ve been working ...
2. It’s a high-speed …
3. There aren’t many …
4. Two long sections ...
5. We used ...
6. They cut 100 metres …
7. They had names …
8. There are always ...
9. In some areas near …
10. Nearer the center we had to …
11. We had only two ....
12. It’s been ...
IV. ANALYZE
1. Match the words with their Russian equivalents
| 1astonishing accuracy | a исчезать |
| 2a pump | b управляемый лазером |
| 3incident | c насос |
| 4collapse | d разрушать |
| 5laser-guided | e высокоскоростной |
| 6concrete | f бурильная машина |
| 7high-speed | g бетон |
| 8tunnel-boring machine | h инцидент, происшествие |
| 9to disappear | i поразительная точность |
| 10to destroy | j разрушение, обрушение |
2. Match the words with their definitions
| 1sewer | aa job in a company |
| 2 to avoid | bto make a structure more likely to break |
| 3 position | cto make a hole in earth or sand using your hands, a machine or a tool |
| 4 to weaken | dsomething that needs a lot of skill, energy, and determination to deal with or achieve, especially something you have never done before and will enjoy doing |
| 5 to link | eto try not to go near someone or something |
| 6 to dig | fto get rid of the water in an area of land so that it can be used for farming or building on |
| 7 challenge | gto arrive somewhere |
| 8 to drain | han underground pipe or passage that carries sewage |
| 9 accuracy | ito connect two or more places |
| 10to reach | jthe quality of being accurate |
3. Put the words in the correct word order
1. Women / there / in / aren’t / many / position / my / .
2. Engineers / I’d / more / see / to / like / women / .
3. Machines / used / six / laser-guided / we / tunnel-boring / huge / .
4. Areas / some / in / tunnel / the / almost / floating / is / .
5. Gardens / tunnel / the / several / into / disappeared / in / London / east / .
6. Fire / area / in / the / destroyed / concrete / the / lining / one / of / much / .
7. Project / been / it / fantastic / a / has / .
8. Day / cut / a / they / 100 metres / astonishing / with / accuracy / .
9. Ships / had / names / they / like / .
10. Engineering / it / real / a / challenge / was / .
11. Tunnels / avoid / to / sewers / and / tube / had / we / .
12. Buildings / dig / had / to / we / under / foundation / weakening / their / without / .
4. Give the English equivalents
соединять…………………………………………………….……………………
положение, должность…………………………………………………………..
руководить, управлять……………………………………………………….....
машина, механизм…………….………………………………………………….
поразительный, удивительный…………………………………………………
точность……………………….………………………………………………….
допустимое отклонение.…………………………………………………………
сложная задача…………….…………………………………………………….
плавать……………………………………….......………………………………
насос, помпа………...…………………………………………………………...
канализационная труба, коллектор….…………………………………………
избегать, действовать в обход……………………..…………………………...
копать, рыть….…………………………………………………………………..
ослаблять……………...…………………………………………………………
разрушать…………………………………….………………………………….
исчезать ………………………………………………………………………….
5. Prove the following statements
7. There are always dangers in tunnel construction.
8. There aren’t many women in the position of a Tunnel Engineer.
9. It is a real engineering challenge to cut a tunnel under a large city like London.
V. TRANSLATE
1. Я работаю в этой компании три года ........................
…………………………………………………………….
2. Мы используем огромные бурильные машины, управляемые лазером. ……………………………………...
………………………………………………………………..
3. Машины бурят 100 метров в день с поразительной точностью – допустимое отклонение 25 миллиметров......
4. Они имеют имена подобно кораблям………................................................
………………………………………………………………………………...
5. Строительство тоннеля – это всегда сложная инженерная задача.............
………………………………………………………………………………...
6. В некоторых местах возле Темзы грунт настолько насыщен водой, что тоннель почти плавает………………………………..…………………......
………………………………………………………………………………...
7. Насосы работают 24 часа в сутки, чтобы откачивать воду….……………
………………………………………………………………………………...
8. Мы должны обходить канализационные коллекторы………......................
………………………………………………………………………………...
9. Мы должны проходить под зданиями так, чтобы не ослабить их фундаменты…………………………………………………………………..
10. При строительстве тоннелей всегда есть опасности..................................
………………………………………………………………………………...
VI. SPEAK
1. Interview
Work in pairs and prepare an interview
Student A is a high school student who wants to be a Tunnel Engineer and follow a career in Tunnel engineering.
Student B is a Tunnel Engineer who has a great tunnel work experience.
2. Speak about the problems in cutting tunnels under a large city like London
UNIT 4
| WORKING HIGH IN THE SKY |
| Preview Answer the questions. 1. Have you ever visited a construction site? 2. What are the reasons for taking safety regulations when visiting a site? 3. Why is it important to have everything pre-fabricated in frame construction? 4. Would you like to set up a construction company? Why? |
I. LISTENING AND READING
Listen to the text
Read and translate the text
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