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EARTH HOMESThis is an interview with Peter Carpenter who is a designer of earth homes. He speaks about the advantages of earth houses and technical issues of their construction. IWhat is an earth home? P An earth home is any house which is built in part underground. Often earth houses are built into a hillside with earth on three sides and on the roof, in the northern hemisphere, we usually build them with the fourth side facing south to obtain the maximum light and heat. I What are the advantages? P Forget any idea that earth houses are cold, dark, and damp. That's a cellar, not an earth house. Earth homes are well-insulated. They're warm in winter and cool in summer. They're durable too. They're less exposed to the elementsand can last for hundreds of years. Another big plus is that they make much less impact on the environment. They're less visible than ordinary homes so the landscape isn't spoilt and energy costs are very low. They'reverylow-maintenance. You don't have to paint them. You don't have to worry about roof repairs. I What are the technical issues in building them? P First of all, you can't build an earth house just anywhere. You must have planning permission, even though it's underground. The commonest construction method is to excavate a hillside and build a structure into the hill. The roof has to be strong enough to bear the weight of soilon top and the walls must support the roof and resist the pressureof earth around the building so concrete, bricks, and masonry are often used. Waterproofing is important. You have to prevent moisture seeping into the structure from the walls and roof and through the floor. Lighting and ventilation are also important. You can include roof panels to introduce natural light to all parts of the building and to permit ventilation. Earth houses are usually very well insulated. The soil cover reduces any seasonal variation in temperature and in construction the whole building is lined with insulating materials so there's very little heat loss in winter. In summer, there's considerable heat gain through the south-facing windows.
II. VOCABULARY
III. READING COMPREHENSION 1. Answer the questions
1. What is an earth home? 2. How are earth houses built? 3. How warm are earth houses? 4. How is maximum heat and light obtained in the northern hemisphere ? 5. How long do earth houses last? 6. What impact do earth houses make on the environment? 7. How much does it cost to maintain earth houses? 8. What are the technical issues? 9. What is the commonest construction method? 10. What must the walls and the roof be like? 11. Why is waterproofing important? 12. Why are roof panels included into the structure? 13. Why is the whole building lined with insulating materials? 14. How is heat gained in summer?
2. Read the statements and say whether they are true (T) or false (F). Correct the false ones
1. Earth houses are built on a hillside. 2. Earth houses are cold, dark, and damp. 3. The houses are much exposed to the elements. 4. The houses can last for hundreds of years. 5. Earth houses don’t spoil the environment. 6. Energy costs are very high. 7. You have to paint them and repair the roof on a regular basis. 8. You can build an earth house just anywhere. 9. The roof does not have to be strong enough. 10. The walls must resist the pressure of earth around the building. 11. Waterproofing is not very important. 12. Roof panels introduce natural light and permit ventilation. 13. The soil cover can’t reduce seasonal variation in temperature. 14. In summer considerable heat is gained through roof panels. 3. Choose the correct word or word combination
1. Earth houses ... in part underground. a. are lined b. are built c. are included 2. Earth houses are well-.... e. used b. excavated c. insulated 3. The houses are .... a. durable b. damp c. visible 4. Earth houses can ... for hundreds of years. a. support b. resist c. last 5. Earth houses don’t ... the landscape. a. include b. spoil c. expose 6. Energy ... are very low. a. costs b. losses c. impacts 7. The roof has to be strong enough ... the weight of soil on top. a. to reduce b. to repair c. to bear 8. The walls must ... the pressure of earth around the building. a. prevent b. resist c. line 9. Waterproofing is supposed to prevent .... a. maintenance b. ventilation c. moisture 10. … can introduce natural light and permit ventilation. a. roof repairs b. roof panels c. roof sides 11. You can’t build an earth house just anywhere, so you must have .... a. technical issues b. construction methods c. planning permission 12. The whole building is to be lined with ... to reduce variation in temperature. a. insulating materials b. masonry c. concrete
4. Complete the sentences
1. An earth house is ... 2. Forget any idea that ... 3. They are warm ... 4. They are less exposed to ... 5. They are less visible than ... 6. You don’t have to ... 7. The commonest construction method ... 8. The roof has to be ... 9. You have to prevent ... 10. You can include roof panels to ... 11. Earth houses are ... 12. The soil cover reduces ...
IV. ANALYZE 1. Match the words and expressions with their Russian equivalents
2. Match the words with their definitions
3. Put the words in the correct word order
1. Houses / often / hillside / earth / a / built / into / are / . 2. Homes / well / are / very / usually / insulated / earth / . 3. Summer / are / warm / in / winter / in / cool / and / they / . 4. Hundreds / for / years / of / last / can / earth / houses / . 5. Environment / less / make / on / much / the / they / . 6. Landscape / so / homes / the / isn’t / ordinary / than / spoilt / visible / they’re / less / . 7. Repairs / have / worry / to / about / not / roof / do / you / . 8. Earth / anywhere / just / an / house / built / can’t / you / . 9. Soil / bear / weight / the / enough / of / to / strong / roof / to / the / be / has / . 10. Pressure / resists / of / earth / must / around / building / the / the / walls / the / . 11. Structure / have / you / to / moisture / into / seeping / the / prevent / . 12. Ventilation / are / also / lighting / and / important / . 13. Variation / any / seasonal / in / reduces / temperature / cover / the / soil / . 14. Low-maintenance / energy / and / costs / are / low / very / very / are / they / . 4. Give the English equivalents
быть встроенным в склон горы, холма……………………….…………………. получать свет и тепло….…………………………………………………………. преимущество…………...………………………………………………………... влажный, сырой…………….……………………………………………………... быть хорошо изолированным….………………………………………………… долговечный…………………….………………………………………………… быть подверженным воздействию климатических условий………………….. видимый, заметный………….……………………………………………………. портить ландшафт…………………………….......……………………………… энергопотребление………………………………………………………………... быть низкозатратным в содержании……...….…………………...…………… технические условия…………...……………………..…………………………... разрешение на строительство…………………………………………………….. нести вес грунта………...………………………………………………………… выдерживать давление……………………….…………………………………… каменная кладка…………………………………………………………………… гидроизоляция……………………………………………………………………… предотвратить проникновение влаги……………………………………………... просачиваться, проникать в конструкцию через что-либо……………………… обеспечить доступ естественному свету…………………………………………. обеспечить вентиляцию…………………………………………………………… защищать от перепада температур……………………………………………….. быть покрытым изоляционными материалами………………………………….. получать тепло через окна, выходящие на юг……………………………………
5. Prove the following statements
3. Earth homes have a lot of advantages. 4. There are technical issues in building earth houses. V. TRANSLATE 1. Земляной дом – это дом, частично находящийся под землей. ........................................................................................ ……………………………………………………... 2. Очень часто земляные дома встроены в склон горы или холма. …………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………… 3. Не надо считать земляные дома холодными, темными и сырыми……………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………….. 4. Земляные дома хорошо изолированы…………................................................ …………………………………………………………………………………... 5. В них тепло зимой и прохладно летом.............................................................. ………………………………………………………………………………....... 6. Они долговечны………………………………..…………………..................... 7. Они не состоят из множества конструкций и могут прослужить столетия... …………………………………………………………………………………... 8. Они менее заметны в отличие от обыкновенных домов и не портят ландшафт……………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………... 9. Затраты на энергопотребление очень низкие………………………………... …………………………………………………………………………………... 10. Вам не нужно красить такие дома.................................................................... …………………………………………………………………………………... 11. Вам не нужно беспокоиться о ремонте крыши…………………………... …………………………………………………………………………………... 12. Чтобы построить такой дом, вы должны иметь разрешение на строительство………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………... 13. Крыша должна быть достаточно прочной, чтобы нести вес грунта…….. …………………………………………………………………………………... 14. Стены должны поддерживать крышу и выдерживать давление грунта…. ………………………………………………………………………………….. 15. Необходимо не допустить проникновение влаги, которая может просачиваться через стены, крышу и пол……………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………... 16. Панели крыши (кровли) обеспечивают доступ естественного света и вентиляцию…………………………………………………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………... 17. Слой грунта защищает от перепада температур………………………….. …………………………………………………………………………………...
VI. SPEAK 1. Interview
Work in pairs and prepare an interview Student A is an interviewer who wants to know about future homes Student B is a designer who has a lot of experience in earth homes construction
2. Speak about green buildings
UNIT 7
I. LISTENING AND READING Listen to the text Read and translate the text
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