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PRETRIAL CONFERENCE




1. The discovery process frequently makes the parties aware of significant issues not previously considered or may make it clear that an issue considered important before discovery is no longer so. In order to provide a means for reflecting these changes and also to assist in simplifying the issues to be tried, shortening the time for trial, and possibly eliminating the need for trial completely, the court may direct the parties to appear before it for a pretrial conference.

2. At the conference, no testimony of witnesses is heard, and no formal adversary proceeding takes place. The attorneys representing the litigants, with the assistance of the judge, try to reach agreement on amendments to the pleadings, the elimination of issues raised at an earlier stage that are no longer deemed pertinent, and the crystallization of the real, controversial issues that must be determined at the trial.

3. An indirect benefit of the pretrial conference is the possibility that a settlement of the case will be reached by the parties without the necessary of trial. Although some authorities feel that this should be a primary goal of the pretrial conference, the prevailing view is that “settlements must be a by-product rather than the object of pretrial, the primary aim being to improve the quality of the expected trial rather than to avoid it”. It should be noted, however, that a considerable number of lawsuits, and the vast majority of personal injury cases, are settled before a final verdict.

4. In civil-law countries, procedures somewhat analogous in purpose to pretrial conferences are fairly prevalent. Since such preliminary hearings are ordinarily held before a single judge, rather than a formal three-judge court, a considerable saving of judicial time may result. Under the French code of civil procedure, each case is assigned to a special “prehearing” judge, who must either settle the case is or put it in shape for the formal hearing.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

At a pretrial conference the litigants with the help of the judge try to reach agreement on amendments to the pleadings.

-: ложным

-: в тексте нет информации

-: истинным

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Most authorities consider that the settlement of the case must not be the object but rather a by-product of a pretrial.

-: истинным

-: в тексте нет информации

-: ложным

Определите, является ли утверждение:

The goals of a pretrial conference are to help in simplifying the issues, to save much of judicial time and eve eliminate the need for the trial.

-: ложным

-: истинным

-: в тексте нет информации

Определите, является ли утверждение:

The French law code includes both civil-law and common-law statements.

-: в тексте нет информации

-: истинным

-: ложным

Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация:

The parties may have to appear before the court for a pretrial conference if necessary.

-: 1

-: 4

-: 2

-: 3

Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация:

Pretrial conferences held before a single judge may considerably save the time for trial.

-: 2

-: 4

-: 3

-: 1


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