SOME PARTICULAR CRIMES

1.Theft is probably the most common crime. The crime of larceny in some U.S. jurisdictions consists of stealing more than a specified sum of money or property worth more a specified amount. The traditional definition of theft specified the physical removal of an object that was capable of being stolen, without the consent of the owner and with the intention of depriving the owner of it permanently. This intention does not necessarily mean that the thief must intend to keep the property – an intention to destroy it, or to abandon it in circumstances where it will not be found, is sufficient.

2.The distinction that the common law made between theft (taking without consent) and fraud (obtaining with consent, as a result of deception) has been preserved in many modern statues. It is now accepted that an act may constitute both theft and fraud, as in the theft and subsequent sale of an automobile.

3.Burglary consisted originally of breaking into a dwelling by night with intent to commit a felony, but the definition has been expanded in many legal systems. In English law, any entry by an individual into a building as a trespasser with intent to commit theft or certain other offenses is burglary, and some jurisdictions recognize an offense of burglary of an automobile – breaking into it to steal the contents. Entry without the intent to commit a crime of the kind specified in the burglary statue is not burglary – it is merely a trespass, which is not criminal in many jurisdictions. Although the motivation of most burglars is theft, an intention to commit various other offenses converts a trespass into a burglary – it is possible, for instance, to commit burglary with intent to rape.

4.Robbery is the commission of theft in circumstances of violence. It involver the application or the threat of force in order to commit the theft or to secure escape. Robbery takes many forms, involving numerous participants and careful planning.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

The essence of theft is stealing more than a specified sum of money.

-: истинным

-: ложным

-: в тексте нет информации

LAWYER

1.Lawyer is one trained and licensed to prepare, manage, and either prosecute or defend a court action as an agent for another and who also gives advice on legal matters that may or may not require court action. The lawyer applies the law to specific cases. Ye investigates the facts and the evidence by conferring with his client and reviewing documents, and he prepares and files the pleadings in court. At the trial he introduces evidence, interrogates witnesses, and argues questions of law and fact. If he does not win the case, he may seek a new trial or relief in an appellate court.

2.It many instances, the lawyer can bring about the settlement of a case without trial through negotiation. In addition, the law gives individuals the power to arrange and determine their legal rights in many matters and in various ways, as through contracts, or corporate bylaws, and the lawyer aids in many of these arrangements. During the 20^th century a rapidly developing field of work for lawyers has been the representation of clients before administrative committees and courts and before legislative committees.

3.A lawyer has several loyalties in his work. They include that to his client, to the administration of justice, to the community, to his associates in practice, and to himself. When these loyalties conflict, the standards of the profession are intended to effect a reconciliation.

4.Legal practice varies from country to country. In England lawyers are divided into barristers, who plead in the higher courts, and solicitors, who do office work and plead in the lower courts. In the United States attorneys often specialize in limited areas of law though many are involved in general practice. In addition to these professional groups there are nonprofessional legal counselors who give advice on various legal problems and are often employed by business firms. In almost all civil-law countries there are notaries, who have exclusive rights to deal with such office work as marriage settlements and wills.

Определите, является ли утверждение:

A lawyer always brings about the settlement of a case at a trial.

-: в тексте нет информации

-: ложным

-: истинным

Определите, является ли утверждение:

A lawyer can perform numerous court-related duties.

-: ложным

-: истинным

-: в тексте нет информации

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Unlike solicitors barristers engage in advocacy, butt there is a considerable overlap in their functions.

-: в тексте нет информации

-: истинным

-: ложным

Определите, является ли утверждение:

Legal practice is the same in every country.

-: истинным

-: в тексте нет информации

-: ложным

Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация:

Professional legal counselors help their clients in arrangement of legal rights when court action is not required.

-: 1

-: 4

-: 2

-: 3

Укажите, какой части текста (1,2,3,4) соответствует следующая информация:

There exist variations in legal system of different countries.

-: 3

-: 1

-: 2

-: 4

Ответьте на вопрос:

What can notaries do?

-: They can file the pleadings in court.

-: They can represent their clients before legislative committees.

-: They can prosecute a court action.

-: They can arrange marriage settlements and wills.