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Psychological terminology
| Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia defines the word terminology in the following way: the expressions and words, or a set of expressions and words, used by people involved in a specialized activity or field of work. Terminology is also referred to as technical vocabulary. There are three categories of such expressions and words in psychology terminology: 1. those used exclusively to denote psychological notions (e.g. behaviorism) 2. common-core words and expressions used in the psychological contexts in special ways (e.g. conditioning, frustration) 3. common-core words and expressions used as terms (e.g. emotion, memory) Psychology overlaps with other sciences that investigate behavior and mental processes. Thus there are terms in psychology borrowed from or shared with these sciences: e.g. dualism, monism (philosophy); neuron, endocrine system (physiology); dialect, speech act (linguistics); racism, nuclear family (sociology); structuralism (an approach to linguistics, social anthropology, and psychology); altruism (social psychology and sociobiology); schizophrenia (clinical psychology and psychiatry) |
Task 20. [individually]
In the box below you will find several terms you have encountered in the texts of this unit. Study the meanings of the words using a good English-Russian dictionary. Identify the category each word belongs to and fill in the chart below.
| mind mental experience | behavior cognition | conscious consciousness | ontology epistemology |
| Specifically psychological terms | |
| Common-core words used in special ways | |
| Common-core words used as terms | |
| Terms shared with other sciences |
Task 21. [individually, then in pairs]
(a)
 |
As you must have noticed the words ‘conscious’, ‘consciousness’, ‘mind’, and ‘mental’ have different meanings. Look at and compare the following entries from monolingual dictionaries and A Dictionary of Psychology.
 |
(Colman A.M. (2003) A Dictionary of Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press)
con·scious adj
1. awake and responsive to stimuli
2. aware of something, and attaching importance to it
3. considered and deliberate, or done with critical awareness
4. aware of issues relating to a particular topic of serious significance (often used in combination with adverbs
5. aware of and interested in a specified topic (used hyphenated in combination with nouns )
6. concerned with or relating to a part of the mind that is capable of thinking, choosing, or perceiving
n
the part of the human mind that is aware of the feelings, thoughts, and surroundings
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