Complete the text by using the words and phrases from the box.

Well, ladies and gentlemen, we’ve done it again – another election victory. The last four years of office has been a wonderful time for the party, a tale of adversity overcome.

…..No sooner ………. had we come to office than the Stock Market crashed. But we survived that scare, and we came out of it stronger for the experience. The opposition claimed we were faltering (нерешительный). ………………………………. have I heard such hypocrisy from a party which continued to squabble (ссориться) internally for the next four years. Then ………………………………………………………. came a fellow called David Rew, with his new breakaway Democratic party – but he didn’t have much success in the opinion polls! …………………………………………….. did he claim he’d become prime Minister within three years, he also reckoned (полагать) that this party was now unpopular with younger voters. ………………………… did he realise that it would be the young voters who gave us an overwhelming vote of confidence in yesterday’s election. …………………………………….. had the first votes rolled in when it was obvious that we would be re-elected with a huge majority. …………………………………… was the extent of our victory that the new Democrats obtained a meager five seats. ………………………… they known they would perform so poorly, I don’t think they would have been quite so scathing in their criticism of our economic policy. But rest assured (будьте уверены), ladies and gentlemen, …………………………………….. will we rest on our laurels (почивать на лаврах). There is no room for complacency (самоуспокоенность) in this government. And I am confident, ………………………………..I’m sure are most of you, that the next four years will be a resounding (loud) success. Thank you.

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given.

1 Please never ever interrupt me when I’m in a meeting.

Am

On no account …. am I (ever) to be interrupted when I’m in a meeting.

2 Nobody from this school has ever written a better composition.

Anyone

Never …………………………………………………… written a better composition.

3 Such was the demand for tickets that people queued day and night.

Great

The demand for tickets …………………………………that people queued day and night.

4 The money is not to be paid under any circumstances.

No

Under …………………………………………………………. to be paid.

5 Three days passed before we arrived at the first oasis.

Had

Not until ……………………………………………………… at the first oasis.

6 Little did Brenda know what she was letting herself in for.

No

Brenda ……………………………………………………… what she was letting herself in for.

7 It was only when I stopped that I realised something was wrong.

Did

Only ………………………………………………. that something was wrong.

8 The accused never expressed regret for what he had done.

Time

At …………………………………………………… regret for what he had done.

9 Exhaustion prevented any of the runners from finishing the race.

Were

So ……………………………………………………. of them finishing the race.

10 It’s not common for there to be so much rain in March.

See

Seldom ………………………………………………….. so much rain in March.

168 Besides lexical and syntactic stylistic devices authors resort to other expressive means: phonetic, graphical (phonographical) and morphological. Some of them are given below.

Phonetic means:

Onomatopea -the naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it (such as buzz, hiss, ding-dong, tinkle, tinkle, etc.).

Alliteration -the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words or stressed syllables, like in Shakespeare’s “These are certain signs to know/Faithful friend from flattering foe.”

Graphical (phonographical) means:

Italics (italicized words) -a type of printed letters that lean to the right, often used to emphasize particular words.

Words in bold type or in bold -printed in letters that are darker and thicker than ordinary printed letters.

Graphon –intentional non-standard spelling. E.g. I know these Eye-talians! Here the part in bold is designed to receive emphasis in pronunciation thus expressing the speaker’s contempt or a likewise feeling.

Capitalisation– capital letters also serve the purpose of emphasising the word or words. E.g. I AM sorry.

postrophe (‘) which stands for the missing letter. E.g. “Father,” said one of the children at breakfast, “I want some ‘am, please.”

Repetition of letters. E.g. ‘ Appeeeee Nooooyeeeeerr.

Exclamation mark (!)

Morphological means:

Diminutive suffixes – doggy, girlie, piggy, Mikey, etc.

Nonce words – words or phrases which are invented by the author for a partuclar occasion and used only once.

Although they are more often used in poetry than in prose, onomatopoeic words are also common in fiction. A knowledge of some 2 simple rules, may help you guess their meanings without looking up in a dictionary. Read the information below and do the exercises that follow.

The most common examples of onomatopoeic words are verbs that imitate sounds made by animals, people, things, natural phenomena, etc. There are a couple of rules to be

remembered. If the vowel sound in a word is short, it usually signifies a short sharp sound. For example, Choose the image you want by clicking twice. If the sound is long, the word serves to imitate a longer and slower sound. E.g. He splashed cold water on his face.