Выберите из текста 7 ключевых предложений, которые послужили бы основой для пересказа.

Контрольная работа 2

Вариант 2

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TEXT

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

Agricultural economics has been one of the leading branches of applied economics since the 1920s. Now it is developing rapidlу and successfully as it is important for most countries of the world.

In order to understand agricultural economics it is necessary to know how crops are sown, cultivated, fertilized, and harvested, how livestock are bred, raised, fattened, and sold.

One of the main characteristics of agricultural sector is its great dependence on natural conditions, such as climate, weather, soil, etc. For example, there are differences between farms growing crops or fattening cattle in the central part of Russia and in its southern regions, as well as between farms growing wheat in the Ukraine and Kazakhstan. Farms of the same type working under different natural conditions use different livestock breeds, crop varieties, harvesting machinery, etc.

In developed countries the productivity in agricultural sector including agriculture and processing of agricultural products is being raised as fast as in economy as a whole. The main reasons for rising efficiency are: a) better agricultural technology; b) better capital inputs¹, such as machinery; c) achievements in biological sciences.

However, there are two main factors limiting further rise in efficiency: increasing energy scarcity as well as the loss of topsoil² and water.

Unlike incomes in most industries, farm incomes vary from year to year. They depend on weather conditions and changes in demand for and supply of most farm products.

All these problems are considered by agricultural economics.

Пояснения к тексту

1) capital inputs – капиталовложения;

2) topsoil – верхний слой почвы.

Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1. Why is agricultural economics developing rapidly?

2. What is it necessary to know to understand agricultural economics?

3. What is the main characteristic of agriculture?

4. Why do farms of the same type in different regions use different livestock breeds, crop varieties and machinery?

5. What are the main reasons for rising efficiency in agriculture in the developed countries?

6. What are the factors limiting further rise in productivity in agriculture?

7. Why do farm incomes vary from year to year?

2. Заполните пропуски, используя слова под чертой (слова даны в нужной форме):

1. Macroeconomics analyzes economy ... .

2. Tourism develops more ... and ... in Southern Europe than in Northern Europe.

3. We don't know the ... for the manager's decision to ... two more workers.

4. Coca-Cola is one of the ... producers of soft drinks Its main ... is Pepsi-Cola. However, I don't see any... between drinks produced by them.

5. The manager doesn't ... with the task of introducing the new product to the market.

6. The crop did not grow well last year as the weather ... were not proper for it.

7. ... rice, wheat does not require warm climate conditions.

8. As ... grows prices become lower.

9. The ... of dependence of agriculture on is higher than that of other industries.

To engage, competitor, as a whole, condition (2), to cope, difference, supply, leading, rapidly, reason, unlike, successfully, degree, natural.

Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов.

1. (Some/The same) regions lead in manufacturing, (some/the same) lead in agriculture.

2. Conditions in southern regions are not (some/the same) as in northern regions.

3. The reasons for energy scarcity are not (some/the same) as the reasons for water scarcity.

4. In (some/the same) countries living standards have risen in the last decade, in (some/the same) countries they are (some/the same) as they were ten years ago, in (some/the same) countries they have become worse.

5. This farm raises (some/the same) breeds of livestock as most farms of the region.

6. (Some/The same) livestock breeds are more rapidly growing than others.

4. Вставьте в предложения подходящие по смыслу слова из предложенных групп однокоренных слов: differ, different, difference; to vary, various, variety; efficient, efficiently, efficiency.

1. The enterprise is working ... .

2. There is a ... of reasons for high unemployment in this region.

3. Prices of the same agricultural products ... from region to region.

4. There is not any ... between these two methods, only the names ... .

5. These two economists are interested in ... fields of economics.

6. They have raised ... of their work by means of new machi­nery.

5. Напишите к данному ниже предложению четыре вопроса: общий, специальный, альтернативный и разделительный.

Agricultural economics is developing rapidly and successfully now.