Контрольная работа 4

Вариант 1

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THE EUROPEAN UNION

The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 27 member states, located in Europe. It was established by the Treaty of Maastricht¹ on November 1^st in 1993, on the basis of the former European Economic Community. With almost 500 million citizens, the share of the EU in the nominal gross world product² is about 30%, which was $ 18.4 trillion in 2008.

The EU has developed a single market through a standard system of laws which apply in all member states, guaranteeing the freedom of movement of people, goods, services and capital. It maintains common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development. Sixteen member states have adopted a common currency, the euro. It has developed a limited role in foreign policy, having representation at the World Trade Organization, The Group of Eight (G8) forums, and at the United Nations. Twenty-one EU countries are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The EU has developed a role in justice and home affairs, including the abolition of passport controls between many member states which form part of the Schengen Area, which also includes some associated European non-EU countries.

The EU operates through a system which takes into account both common union and national country's interests. It means that in certain areas the EU depends upon agreement between the member states. However, some decisions can be made by a country's government without any special agreements between all national governments. Important institutions and offices of the EU include the European Commission, the European parliament, the Council of the European Union, the European Council, the European Court of Justice and the European Central Bank. EU citizens elect the Parliament every five years.

Пояснения к тексту

1) the Treaty of Maastricht – Маастрихтский договор (договор об образовании Европейского Союза, подписанный 7 февраля 1992 г. и вступивший в силу в 1993 г.);

2) gross product – валовой продукт.

Ответьте на следующие вопросы к тексту.

1. What is The European Union?

2. How and when was it established?

3. What does a single market of the EU guarantee?

4. What common currency was adopted by the EU member states?

5. What advantages does membership in the Schengen Area give?

6. What basis does the EU operate on? What does it mean?

7. What institutions and offices does the EU include?

2. Заполните пропуски, используя слова под чертой (слова даны в нужной форме):

1. The EU … itself as "a family of democratic European countries".

2. Some EU member states have a domestic tradition of strong regional … .

3. Many of the … of the EU relate to the development and maintenance of an effective … market.

4. The EU economy is expected … further over the next decade as more countries join the union.

5. The Schengen treaty allowed removal of … border controls and harmonization of … controls between its member states.

6. Freedom is provided for citizens of its member states … and … anywhere within the EU with their spouses and children.

7. The European Union's … cover all areas of public policy, from health and economic policy to foreign affairs and defense.

To live, policies, internal, describes, activities, to grow, single, external, work, government.

3. Подберите словарные определения к следующим организациям: WTO, G8, UN, NATO, Schengen Area.

a) is a military alliance established on 4 April 1949, the headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium, and the organization provides a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party;

b) is a group of twenty-five European countries which have abolished all border controls between each other; it originates from the agreement signed.in 1985;

c) is a forum, created by France in 1975, for governments of eight nations of the northern hemisphere: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the UK, and the USA;

d) is an international organization whose main aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights and achieving world peace founded in 1945 after World War II;

e) is an important selective, mainly private, international organization aimed at controlling and liberalizing international trade; officially established on 1 January 1995.

4.Выразите согласие или несогласие со следующими высказываниями:

1. The European Unionis an economic and cultural union of 27 member states, located in Europe.

2. The EU maintains common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries, and regional development.

3. Sixteen member states have adopted a common currency, the euro.

4. All EU countries are members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).

5. Schengen Area doesn’t include any non-EU countries.

6. In certain areas the EU depends upon agreement between the member states.

7. EU citizens elect the Parliament every four years.

5. Напишите к данному ниже предложению четыре вопроса: общий, специальный, альтернативный и разделительный.

The European Unionwas established by the Treaty of Maastricht on November 1^st in 1993.