Public Spirit

Each nation has its own peculiar character which distinguishes it from others. But the peoples of the world have more points in which they are all like each other than points in which they are different One type of person what is common in every country is the one who always tries to do as little as he possibly can and to get as much in return as he can. His opposite, the man who is in the habit of doing more than is strictly necessary and who is ready to accept what is offered in return, is rare everywhere.

But these types are usually unconscious of their character. The man who avoids effort is always talking about his «rights»: he appears to think that society owes him a pleasant, easy life. The man who is, always doing more than his share talks of «duties»; he feels that the individual is in debt to society, and not society to the individual. As a result of their views, neither of these men thinks that he behaves at all strangely.

The man who tries to do as little as he can is always full of excuses: if he has neglected to do something, it was because he had a headache, or the weather was too hot - or too cold - or because he was prevented by bad luck. At first, other people, such as his friend and his employer, generally accept his stories; but soon they realize what kind of person he is. In the long run he deceives only himself. When his friends become cool to him and he fails to make progress in his job, he is surprised and hurt. He blames everyone and everything except himself. He feels that society is failing in its duties towards him, and that he is being unjustly treated. He soon becomes of the discontented members of the society he lives in.

His public-spirited opposite is never too busy to take on an extra piece of work: that is the strangest thing about the whole business. If you want something in a hurry, don't go to the man who has clearly not much to do. He will probably have a dozen excellent excuses for not being able to help you, much as he claims he would like to. Go to the busiest man you know, particularly if you are sure that he has not a spare minute in the week. If your work is really important, he will make time for it.

XI. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. What are the points which all the peoples are common in?

2. What is the difference between two common types of people?

3. What should you do if you have a really important work which must be done in a hurry?

XII. Верны ли следующие утверждения?

1. Each nation has its own peculiar character which distinguishes it from others.

2. The man who avoids effort is always talking of «duties».

3. The busiest man you know will find some time to help you and he will do the work in the best way.

Вариант 5

I. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Did your sister have to go to the music lessons with you?

2. I must be at work early tomorrow.

3. You mustn't read my letters. They are private.

4. Andrew is very upset. You ought not to shout at him.

5. If you don't like a cabbage, you don't have to eat it.

II. Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол: could, can, mustn't или needn't

1. ___you show me the way to the airport?

2. Whatever you do, you___touch that switch, it's very dangerous.

3. You___to the bank this morning. You___do it this afternoon.

III. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Не saw a girl walking along the street.

2. All the works published by him are in this book.

3. I heard a pleasant voice singing.

IV. Определите причастия настоящего и прошедшего времени (Participle I, Participle II) в предложении.

1. I read the letter written by her.

2. He tried on the suit made by his tailor.

3. I'm doing my homework using the dictionary.

V. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. They insisted on going there.

2. He won the elections by making this proposal.

3. Smoking is a dreadful habit.

VI. Определите, каким членом предложения является герундий:

1. I'm looking forward to going there.

2. Speaking about this doesn't mean anything.

3. My purpose is entering the University.

VII. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. Не wanted to speak to me but I refused to meet him that day.

2. My mother likes to cook, but she has little time.

3. He's the best person to do this work.

VIII. Определите, каким членом предложения является инфинитив:

1. She recommended me to apply for this job.

2. His wish is to visit his mother.

3. I can't come today: I'm too busy.

IX. Поставьте глагол в правильную форму - герундий или инфинитив.

1. I want you coming / to come.

2. My sister is afraid of going / to go there.

3. He felt somebody touching / touch his arm.

X. Прочитайте текст и выполните задание после него.

Is Man a Pest?

The question whether pesticides are more dangerous to pests or non-pests has not been fully resolved yet. One of the difficulties lies in finding a solution to the problem of a satisfactory definition of a pest. Is man a pest, or non-pest, for example? One thing is certain - all pesticides are dangerous to all life. The problem assumes new proportions when the fact is noted that certain pesticides have become global contaminants. They have been found to be present in a wide range of organisms throughout the world, including the oceans and the polar regions. The spread of contamination in Europe is rather typical. Pesticides are used in every European country and are manufactured in many of them, notably in France, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, Russia and Britain; in addition large quantities are imported from the USA. Pesticides, usually in the form of concentrations, are moved extensively from one country to another in normal course of international trade. The movement of pesticides in bulk from one place to another obviously entails some risk since accidents are bound to occur, and as a result pesticides are sometimes spilled on the land or into rivers or the sea. They may also be discharged accidentally into rivers from factories making or using them. Insecticides applied as sprays are widely dispersed in the atmosphere and carried from country to country by winds. Finally, living organisms can themselves cause the dispersal of pesticides from one nation to another. Ecologists claim that contamination is bound to have consequences (effects) adverse to life on our planet. It may soon become possible to judge whether and to what extent they are right.

XI. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1. Did they have the definition of a pest?

2. Where are the pesticides present?

3. How do they get into the nature?

XII. Верны ли следующие утверждения?

1. The question whether pesticides are dangerous has been fully resolved now.

2. All pesticides are dangerous to all life.

3. As the result of movement of pesticides from one place to another they are sometimes spilled on the land or into rivers or the sea.

Прочитайте тексты и ответьте на вопросы к ним