Дополнительный материал.

Первый текст «Environmental pollution» может быть предложен сильным учащимся, например, в качестве самостоятельной работы, второй текст «What pets do Russians have?», он проще, может быть использован как материал для аудирования.

Environmental pollution

People have always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a serious problem. People lived in uncrowned rural areas and did not have pollution - causing machines. With the development of crowded industrial cities which put huge amounts of pollutants into small areas, the problem has become more important. Automobiles and other new inventions make pollution steadily worse. Since the late 1960's people have become alarmed with the danger of pollution.

Air, water, and soil are necessary for existence of all living things. But polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. On polluted soil, food can not be grown. In addition environmental pollution spoils the natural beauty of our planet.

Pollution is as complicated as serious problem. Automobiles are polluting the air but they provide transportation for the people. Factories pol- liite the air and the water but they provide jobs for people and they produce necessary goods. Fertilizers and pesticides are important for growing crops but they can ruin soil.

People must stop using many useful things if they want to stop pollution immediately. Most people do not want that of course. But scientists and engineers can find the ways to reduce pollution from automobiles and factories. Government can pass the laws that would make enterprises take measures for reducing of pollution. People can work together to persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities.

Questions:

1.Why wasn't the pollution such as serious problem earlier?

2.When have people become alarmed with the danger of pollution?

3.What can environmental pollution cause?

4.Can the pollution be stopped immediately?

5.What can government and people do to reduce pollution?

Vocabulary:

1. environmental pollution - загрязнение окружающей среды

2. uncrowned - слабозаселенный

3. rural - сельский

4. area - территория, местность

5. pollution - causing - вызывающий загрязнение

6. crowded industrial cities - густонаселенные промышленные города

7. invention - изобретение

8. soil - почва

9. to provide - обеспечивать

10. to produce necessary goods - производить необходимые товары

11. fertilizers and pesticides - удобрения и пестициды

12. crop - урожай

13. ruin - разрушить

14. to reduce - уменьшить, сократить

15. immediately - немедленно

16. to pass the laws - принять закон

17. to persuade - убедить

18. enterprise - предприятие

19. activity - деятельность

What pets do Russians have?

Most people in Russia love animals. A lot of them have got one pet or more, even in bi cities. One survey shows that 45 % of Russians have cats at home. People like cats - in Moscow there is famous Cat Theatre and it is always full.

Dogs are popular too - 36 % of Russians have dogs and there are dog shows all over the country. The shows have prizes for different types of dogs. There is also a dog show programmer on TV.

Wild birds were once very common pets in Russia. Many people had wild birds from the forest in their homes. They freed the birds in March and April every year to celebrate spring. Now only 12 % have birds as pets - these are mostly budgies.

Goldfish are less popular now, too - only 4 % of Russians have them as pets. And 10 % of animal lovers have other pets. Some of these are small, friendly animals such as hamsters and rabbits. Others are dangerous or rare pets like spiders, for example.

Are these statements true or false?

1.The most popular pets are cats.

2.45 % of people in cities have got cats.

3.Dogs can win prizes at dog shows.

4.People have many different kinds of wild birds as pets today.

5.People freed their birds in spring.

6.Goldfish are not veiy popular pets.

7.A lot of people have rare pets.

Vocabulary: survey - опрос

common - здесь: распространенный

budgie - волнистый попугайчик (разговорная форма от "budgerigar")

hamster - хомяк

rabbit - кролик

spider - паук

rare - редкий