Задание 22. При переводе следующих предложений преобразуйте подлежащее английского предложения в обстоятельство или объект. Обратите внимание на преобразование глагола.

1. The past decade has brought about a number of investigations into the physical and chemical properties of these substances.

2. This year sees Britain's labor and trade union movement confronted with serious political challenges.

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3. The latest newspaper article has quoted wonderful rescue cases of some people.

4. The company had seventy employees in the main office.

5. Inflation has triggered off barter, the most primitive form of trade.

6. These inventors lacked funds and had to sell their company.

7. Oil has always been the subject of heated debate in Norway.

8. No doubt the foreign reader finds it amusing and exotic.

9. Sweden and Japan, the leaders in robotization. had long had lower unemployment levels than other Western countries.

И Номинализация

Еше одним видом переводческих преобразований является номинализация, то есть употребление в переводе, если позволяет контекст, отглагольных существительных вместо глагольных форм, а также определений, выраженных прилагательными в сравнительной степени, причастиями 1 и П. означающими переход в новое состояние (сокращение, уменьшение, увеличение). Такая трансформация приводит к «опредмечиванию действий и процессов».

West-Siberian Steel Corporation is На ЗСМК происходит
constantly developing metals production, постоянное развитие

металлургического производства.

Import is being increased. Продолжается рост импорта.

Continued experiments showed.... Продолжение экспериментов

показало...

Задание 23. Переведите предложения, используя прием нохшнализации.

1. In the early republic, it was common that most American women worked at home making soap, candles, shoes and other necessities for their families.

2. When the industrial revolution came in the 19^lh century, some worked for pay at home, using the machines and textiles supplied by merchants to produce clothes for the market.

3. Thereafter (впоследствии), women expanded into sales, domestic service, teaching and other occupations.

4. Expectations,flowered in the even more prosperous 1950s and 1960s.

5. Things changed substantially after the ascent of feminism in the 1960s and 1970s.

6. Increased taxes, reduced production and delayed wages considerably lowered people's living standards.

7. Growing ecological movement is a sign of the time.

ID Словосочетания с отглагольными существительными часто используются при переводе английских существительных в роли подлежащего. Например:

This transaction will help to Заключение этой сделки поможет
solve a lot of problems. решить многие проблемы.

Задание 24. Переведите предложения, восстановив при существительном в роли подлежащего отглагольное существительное.

1. The government resolution equalizing customs duties on second-hand

imported vehicles will simplify these arrivals.¹

2. Talks on these problems are necessary.

3. This new keyboard changes the work on the computer.

4. Such lessons will help students to understand the subject better.

5. Esperanto as an international language could promote friendship and

understanding among people of the world.

6. Research in that field has hit dead end.

А Задание 25. Письменно переведите текст, учитывая переводческий комментарий.

¹ Импортные поставки

(1) System identification has arisen in different areas of application where the system model is unspecified (2) but one wants to predict the system response, to regulate the system, or to simulate the system. (3) To perform system identification requires three steps: structure determination, parameter identification, and model verification. Before solving the parameter identification problem. (4) one would address the problem of identifiability of parameters. Clearly. (5) one would not select a model structure whose parameters cannot be identified. Thus (6) it is the question of parameters identifiability that one considers to be central in the procedures for system identification.