Задание 5. Сделайте предпереводческий анализ текста.

The microchip is testament to the immense power of tiny things. Smaller than a penny, the chip, or integrated circuit, is quite literally the brain, heart and nervous system of every digital device on the planet. It powers computers, mobile phones, washer machines, even automobiles and satellites. They are used in the design of space stations, they guide planes safely in for a landing, they make it possible for us to watch hundreds of TV channels (as well as power the remote control too), and enable teenagers every day to log on to the Internet and chat with somebody half a world away. Since the widespread commercial introduction of the microchip in the early 1970s, there have been more medical, mathematic and scientific breakthroughs that in any other period of time, due in large part to the awesome computing power this thin silicone wafer has brought us.

The microchip's main accomplishment is ushering us into the era of personal computing, one that would have seemed inconceivable just 30 years ago. Without the chip, most every mechanism that modern society has come to rely on - from jumbo jets to stereo Hi-Fis - would come to a grinding halt. With tens of billions of chips in the world running most every imaginable machine, many scholars now rank the development of the microchip as one of humankind's greatest achievements. Without the almighty chip, we'd need an extra garage to store our computer, printer

and fax machine: scientists would be decades behind on their research for life-threatening diseases and our homes would be devoid of such must-have modern conveniences as DVD players and microwave ovens. For many of us, the concept of such a world would seem cruel and unimaginable. Thankfully, we don't have to worry.

The typical chip is an engineering marvel. Work began on the microchip in the late 1950s by electrical engineers Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce and has never let up. In the past 50 years, it has become the obsession of computer scientists and researchers across the globe to constantly improve its design in an effort to fit more computing power on a tinier surface. The chip, or integrated circuit, contains millions of interconnected transistors crammed into a few millimetres of a silicon wafer that is typically one-square centimetre in size. The most advanced chips, called microprocessors, are capable of calculating several million instructions in a split second, enabling computers and digital devices to process vast bits of information in the blink of an eye. Such number crunching can produce startling heat. But modern chip design, primarily utilising heat-absorbing silicon wafers, have all but eliminated this concern. It was the switch to this revolutionary semiconductor material, first identified a half-century ago. that made modern chips possible and. in the process, eliminated the old finger-sized vacuum tubes that powered the world's first automobile-sized computers and relic appliances. Compared to the transistor, the chip is vastly cheaper and easier to reproduce, it is a fraction of the size, consumes less power, can compute vastly more complicated calculations at blazing speeds, and for its diminutive size, is incredibly reliable. Not bad for a wafer less than a millimetre thick!

The short history of the microchip is marked with revolutionary change. And yet. scientists aren't through yet. Advancement in chip design is progressing so rapidly that computing power from these miniscale wafers continues to grow exponentially every few years. Intel scientist Oordon Moore first observed that the growth of complexity of integrated circuits follows a trend. The number of transistors in an integrated circuit doubles every two years making computers and digital devices ever more powerful. Intel's current powerhouse chip, the Pentium II processor, contains 7.5 million transistors and can perform up to 300 million instructions every second - or about 5,000 times the speed of the original chips introduced on the market in the early 1970s. The rapid innovation may be baffling to some consumers. But for gadget fans, it all means you

can now store and watch the latest Hollywood blockbusters on an iPod-sized gadget. In fact, if current trends hold true consumers will be able to earn around all their documents, photos, favourite music and movies in a pocket-sized device. New chips are being designed for products that don't require a plug or battery power. Microscopic chips capable of storing vast bits of information are being embedded into passports and credit cards too as a security precaution and anti-fraud measure. Also, manufacturers are slipping tiny chips, known as RFID tags, into their products to track the flow of how many shirts, cereal boxes and handbags they sell. The same chips can track stolen products.

So when you're zapping through hundreds of TV channels, surfing the Web or the next time you board a plane, give a moment's thought to the fathers of the microchip. Kilby and Noyce. Their obsession with vast computing power in a tiny package has powered the world into the ultra­modern era.

technology.timesonline.со.uk'secliowO,,20749,00.html

Задание 6.Выберите текст no изучаемой вами специальности и сделайте его предпереводческий анализ.

IS Основные особенности выполнения полного письменного перевода научно-технического текста

Об основных языковых средствах, при помощи которых оформляется научно-технический текст, рассказывалось выше. Следует также запомнить следующие правила.

Перевод заголовка, если он раскрывает сущность вопроса, должен быть близок к оригиналу, если же он отличается краткостью, переводчик вносит в него краткую аннотацию для дальнейшего использования его в информационных целях. Все сокращения, встречающиеся в тексте оригинала, должны быть расшифрованы в соответствии с общепринятыми и специальными сокращениями. Сокращения, не поддающиеся расшифровке, остаются на языке оригинала. В тексте перевода остаются в оригинальном написании: слова и предложения не на языке оригинала: сокращенные наименования марок изделий и приборов;

названия иностранных печатных изданий.

В тексте перевода переводятся:

названия частей и отделов учреждений и организаций;

названия должностей, званий, ученых степеней, титулов:

собственные имена и названия в соответствии с установившейся

практикой.

В тексте перевода транскрибируются:

иностранные фамилии, собственные имена и названия с учетом

традиционного написания известных фамилий;

артикли и предлоги в иностранных фамилиях;

наименования иностранных фирм, компаний, акционерных обществ.

корпораций, концернов, монополий, промышленных объединений:

союзы и предлоги в названиях фирм;

фирменные названия машин, приборов, химических веществ.

изделий, материалов.

В тексте перевода заменяются русскими эквивалентами:

научно-технические термины;

географические названия.

В тексте перевода сохраняется национальное своеобразие

специфических слов и выражений, связанных с особенностями быта

и общественной жизни. историей, географическими и

климатическими условиями.

ШЛ Задание 7. Прочитайте и переведите текст, следуя предложенному плану работы над текстом: