Answer the following questions.

1. Have you seen suspended ceilings?

2. Where did you see them?

3. Did you like their view and ornamentation?

4. Do you want to have ceilings of this kind in your flat?

INSTALLATIONS PLACED ABOVE THE CEILING

Master the key terms and head words.

conduit - канал, трубопровод waste - отходы, отбросы, остатки

damage — повреждение, авария to maintain — содержать, поддер-

duct - проход, канал, труба живать

fixture - прибор, арматура to observe - наблюдать

fuel — топливо to be subject to ... — быть подле-

fume - пары, испарения жащим (чему-л.)...

183. Which of the given words are nouns? verbs?

observation, fix, waste, maintain, duct, observe, maintenance, wire, in­clude, space, amount, install, damage, require, renew

184. Read the terminological combinations, translate them from Russian.

a) maintenance costs — эксплуатационные расходы maintenance work — текущий ремонт

b) waste iron - железный лом waste pipe — спускная труба

c) pipeman — трубопроводчик pipe joint — стык труб pipe laying - укладка труб

d) fixed beam — закрепленная балка fixed bearing - неподвижная опора fixed costs — твердые цены

e) fuel wood — древесное топливо
fuel tank — бак для горючего

fuel engineering — технология топлива 185. Choose and put down the English terminological combinations (a) corresponding

to the given Russian ones (b). (a) fixed support, permanent observation, pipe support, fire protection, damaged membrane, pipe installation, pipe duct Model: fire protection — защита от огня

a)__________________ b) неподвижная опора

__________________ _______ поврежденная мембрана

трубодержатель

__________________ постоянное наблюдение

_________________ трубопровод

__________________ _______ укладка труб

96 Essential Course

186. Translate the following combinations into Russian.

complex installations__________________

waste piping

communications wiring _______________

compressed air______________________

considerable space___________________

permanent observation________________

Read and translate the article.

Nowadays suspended ceilings have become a very popular and eco­nomical feature in many types of buildings. The most numerous among these buildings are office and laboratory structures. Many of them install and maintain complex mechanical and electrical installations above the ceiling. These installations include air conditioning ducts, water and waste piping, and electrical and communications wiring. They also include such services as fume ducting, vacuum piping, fuel gas lines, compressed air lines, water piping, and chemical waste piping. All these ducts and pipes occupy a considerable space in the buildings. In some of them they may be equal to the amount of their living space.

Ducts, pipes, and conduits can be placed in the space between the ceiling and the structure. Lighting fixtures, loudspeakers, and fire detec­tion devices may also be installed into the ceiling. Many such construc­tions can serve as membrane fire protection for the floor and roof struc­ture above.

Possible Change and Damage

It should be taken into account that any of these mechanical and electrical systems are rather complex. Naturally they are subject to fre­quent change and damage. That is why they require permanent observa­tion, maintenance, and repair. In order to guarantee their permanent ob­servation and repair, a suspended ceiling must be supplied with scaffolding possessing sufficient structural strength to support workers who install, maintain, and renew mechanical and electrical systems above the ceiling of the building.

187. Construct the questions in writing. Answer them.

Model: In, are, what part of the ceiling, maintained, complex mechanical installations

- In what part of the ceiling are complex mechanical installations
maintained?

— They are maintained above the ceiling.

Unit Twelve. Ceiling _______ _____ 97

1. include, these installations, what systems, do

_ 9

2. simple or complex, are, these mechanical and electrical systems

3. subject to, they, are frequent change and damage

4. why, possess, suspended ceilings, must, sufficient structural strength
_ 9

5. what systems, workers, install, maintain, repair, and renew, do