G. Translate the sentences and say what the ways of translation of

‘-ing’ form in Russian are.

1) It’s a waste of money buying things you don’t need. 2) It’s no use arguing any more. 3) Britain is a leading member of both the EU and the Commonwealth. 4) In the fields of arts, broadcasting and sport Britain continues to lead the world. 5) Despite having only 1 % of the world’s population, Britain is the fourth largest trading nation in the world. 6) British agriculture is noted for its efficiency and productivity and at the same time comprehensive planning and control have steadily reduced air and water pollution. 7) Tax policy in a developing country constitutes an essential part of development policy. 8) Banks put much of their funds in a variety of bonds and other lower-yielding financial instruments. 9) Resulting profit or loss will cause a change in the proprietor’s capital. 10) An accounting period may follow the calendar, in which case it begins on January 1 and ends on December 31 of the same year. The business is then said to have a calendar-year accounting period. Any business that has an accounting period consisting of 12 months other than a calendar year is generally known as a fiscal-year accounting period. 11) The financial statements present the accounting information in formal reports that tell managers, creditors, prospective investors, how the business is doing. 12) The National Bureau of Economic Research determines the amount of the business activity in the economy by looking at things like employment, industrial production, real income and wholesale-retail sales. 13) Banks prefer to make loans instead of simply putting their money into bonds and other safer investments. 14) All businesses exist for the purpose of earning a profit. 15) Consumer loans are used mainly for financing major purchases. 16) A good rule of thumb for determining the difference between a recession and a depression is to look at the changes in GNP. 17) A bank’s principal activities revolve around gathering deposits and placing this money in either loans or investments of various kinds. 18) The most obvious way in which additional assets can be obtained for the business is by borrowing. 19) Investments may be either short- or long-term assets depending on the nature of the investments. 20) The Bank’s report on aid effectiveness identified a number of policies, ranging from micro-economic stability, through micro-economic efficiency, to the policies oriented towards the poor. 21) The EU imposes strict quotas and high tariffs on products from efficient producers in Latin America, while allowing free access to those from a handful of small African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. It claims it is providing aid by giving producers from poor countries preferential access and good prices. 22) WTO members’ common goal is rising standards of living in developing countries. Achieving that goal will require difficult decisions.

A. Do you know these famous Britons? Do these puzzles and read three more noted Britons.

	1 The author of The Lord of the Rings 2 The beautiful Princess of Wales and the mother of Prince William and Prince Harry 3 The name of the author of the Hound of the Baskervilles 4 The creator of Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple 5 The most famous playwright in the world 6 The author of Robinson Crusoe 7 The name of a film director famous for his horror films like Psycho

1 One of Britain’s greatest leaders, who was the Prime Minister of the country during World War II

2 He discovered the law of gravity when an apple fell on his head

3 He tried to prove that our remote granddads and grannies were monkeys

4 This man invented the telephone

5 This Queen ruled for the longest period in British history

6 A member of the Beatles who was murdered in the US

7 The author of Jungle Book

1 Scotland’s national poet

2 The author of Treasure Land

3 The author of Ivanhoe

4 A famous explorer who discovered Australia and Hawaii

5 A comic actor with a small black moustache, a bowler hat, and a funny way of walking

6 The author of Alice in Wonderland

7 A very famous singer, once a member of the Beatles

GRAMMAR: PARTICIPLE 2/PAST PARTICIPLE/V-ed form/V3